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[subject] => 干眼症不是“绝症” 多眨眼可缓解
[dateline] => 2023-2-15 10:11:27
[message] =>
市民体验眼部超声雾化熏蒸 记者 景冬波 摄
电视剧《狂飙》中，为了让妻子陈书婷回家，高启强谎称自己得了绝症，陈书婷急匆匆地看了诊断结果——干眼症。高启强厚着脸皮说目前没有药能治好，要一直滴眼药水。那干眼症到底是啥？能不能治疗？如何预防？
干眼症就是“眼干”
干眼症是一种大众的叫法，顾名思义，就是眼睛干、缺乏水分，就好像汽车发动机缺乏润滑油一样。
我们的眼球表面有一层膜，叫泪膜，作用是湿润眼睛，锁住水分。泪膜出了问题，就会导致眼部干涩不适、疲劳，有异物感、灼热感，严重者可导致视力模糊，甚至角膜损伤，这就是干眼症。
但干眼不是“绝症”，一般本身不会引起失明，但会严重影响人们的生活质量。
中华医学会眼科学分会角膜病学组在2013年发布的《干眼临床诊疗专家共识》指出，我国干眼的发病率大约在21%～30%。
五大人群高发
眨眼是眼部为了保持角膜或者结膜湿润所具有的神经反射功能，人的泪膜在15秒左右就可能会产生破裂，所以每分钟眨眼10次～15次就是正常的。如果眨眼次数过少，泪膜破裂后出现眼干，没有及时补充泪液就会造成干眼症。干眼症高发于五大人群：
1.长时间盯着屏幕或书本的人群。现在很多人手机不离手，使用手机、电脑等电子产品时间过长，我们看屏幕的时间越长，眨眼的次数就会减少，眨眼的次数减少后，泪膜在眼球表面的润滑作用也会相应减少，这是引发干眼的一个原因。建议节制用眼，设置休息提醒定时，必要时使用不含防腐剂的人工泪液保持眼表湿润。
2.中老年人及女性“四期”。年龄超过65岁的人群中，有75%的人患有干眼症，因为泪液的产生随年龄的增加而减少。孕期、哺乳期、经期及绝经期的女性因激素水平改变可能会产生干眼症状。
3.佩戴角膜接触镜人群。我国近视率居高不下，很多家长给孩子佩戴角膜塑形镜控制近视发展，在佩戴角膜塑形镜的孩子中，干眼症是比较常见的。长期佩戴隐形眼镜会加速泪液蒸发，引发干眼。
4.驾驶员。长时间或夜间驾驶，眨眼次数减少，泪液蒸发增加，会导致干眼症。
5.眼部疾病、相关眼科手术史及全身疾病患者。慢性结膜炎、过敏性结膜炎、角膜炎等会诱发干眼，眼部相关手术也可能引起手术源性干眼症，某些全身疾病如干燥综合征、糖尿病等可能导致干眼症。
另外，冬季因为天气的干燥和加热设备的频繁使用，造成泪液过度蒸发，无法保持眼球表面湿润，因此成为干眼症的高发季节。
部分可以治愈
干眼症并不是“绝症”，可以通过点眼药水来进行缓解症状。根据干眼症的病因，部分干眼症也可以对症治愈。也就是说，什么原因引起的干眼症进行有针对性的治疗。现在市面上有非常多的人工泪液、促进泪液分泌的药物和治疗干眼的药物，建议大家到专业医院就诊，先明确引起干眼的原因。如果是泪液减少，就要增加泪液；如果是脂质层减少，就要增加脂质层。
减少屏幕观看 多眨眼可缓解
尽量减少电子产品的使用时间。在使用电子产品时，注意良好的用眼习惯。提醒自己多眨眼，用眼20分钟向6米外的物体注视20秒。
经常眨眼训练。经常眨眼可以促进眼部血液循环，让眼睛“保湿”。牢记“3个2”原则：正常闭眼2秒，再次正常闭眼2秒，然后紧紧闭合眼睑2秒。
经常热敷。可以用热毛巾、蒸汽眼罩热敷，也可以使用热敷眼贴，使睑板腺油脂软化、舒畅，活化睑板腺缓解干眼症。
增加湿度。加湿器可以使空气中湿度加大，也有助于眼睛保持滋润。佩戴隐形眼镜的人要尽量减少佩戴时间。
除此之外，还可以改善工作环境，避免长时间空调吹风，在空调的房间里使用加湿器，使空气中湿度加大，也有助于眼睛保持滋润。养成良好的生活习惯，例如尽量保证睡眠时间，减少吸烟，均衡饮食。
虽然干眼是一类比较难治的眼病，但干眼不是“绝症”，部分干眼是可以治愈的，除了用药及理疗等治疗之外，良好的用眼习惯非常重要，只要在医生的指导下坚持治疗，就会取得较好的疗效。
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